Forest structure differed at the three sites, although R1 and R2 were most similar.
In May 2006, permanent plots following the CARICOMP protocol were established at two sites on Isla del Rey (R1 and R2) and one site on Isla San Jose (SJ) where standardized metrics such as species, height and diameter at breast height of adult trees and seedlings were recorded. The majority of the loss (>77%) from the two study islands was due to timber extraction and agricultural development. Assessment of Landsat satellite imagery revealed loss of mangroves in the LPA of 965ha in the period 1974-1986, and 248ha in the period 1986-2000. This study focused on the mangrove structure in the two largest islands, Isla del Rey and Isla San Jose, of Las Perlas Archipelago (LPA), Pacific Panama.
Nowadays, large areas of mangroves continue to be lost without been described and lack of management strategies. Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK Marine and Coastal Development Unit, Argyll & Bute Council, Lorn House, Oban, Argyll PA34 4LF, UK Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama Environmental Resources Management Panama S.A., World Trade Center, 0832-0588 WTC, Panama, Republic of Panama Mangrove forest is an important ecosystem that provides many services, but in Panama, as in other countries, they are under threat due to a variety of human activities. Mangrove forest composition and structure in Las Perlas Archipelago, Pacific Panama
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